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It depends on thickness of the metal (often aluminium) layer. A layer about 20 nm think shows quite good reflectance, but is still substantially translucent. So yes, it is typical that the metallized film is partially translucent.

Both ways are possible. In case of pre-metallized film, a special composition is often used that comprises a layer of soft polymer that makes embossing easier.

If you just want to try, check "holographic printers": https://www.geola.com/product/digital-holography-ilumogram/ https://www.ultimate-holography.com/chimera I am not sure what input they accept; I'd expect a digital 3-D model or a series of images. In the latter case, animation should be...

As you are in US, check https://www.integraf.com/ first. Once you get some experience with the kit, try https://www.ultimate-holography.com/ . Finally, you could also check https://www.geola.com/ - while they mostly resell Slavich materials (the same as Integraf), they also offer small quantities of...

But convergence alone doesn’t create the illusion of floating in front. It does, even with concave mirrors. Have you seen "double concave mirror illusion"? See https://www.physics.purdue.edu/demos/display_page.php?item=7A-11 or https://ar.inspiredpencil.com/pictures-2023/concave-mirror-il...

Yes, I understand it. I have just mentioned AgX producers outside of Russia.

Nothing special. Imagine a sheet of glass (plain glass, no hologram) and a shiny point behind it. A wave (a spherical one) emerges from it, passes through the glass sheet, and continues to infinity. If your eye is located in front of the glass sheet, you just perceive the spherical wave emerging fro...

Sadly, there are not many options. As far as I know, the only remaining "large" AgX producers are Ultimate Holography ( https://shop.ultimate-holography.com ) and TruLifeOptics ( https://trulifeoptics.com/holographic-materials/ , formerly ColourHolographics). Especially Ultimate is worth a...

Behaviour of a rainbow hologram can be easily understood. First, make a thin transmission H1 hologram of an object, hologram size say 1 mm high and 100 mm wide. Then make a thin transmission H2 hologram out of it say 100x100 mm, H2 in the position of the original object. Suppose you use green light ...

I would not say "familiar". I have seen a hologram or two originated with that machines, and I have seen the article(s) describing it. No hands-on experience. From what I see in the optical setup, the interference regime (object beam from SLM + independent reference beam) is not directly a...